Inflation, Wages and Credit—Are Younger Consumers Winning in 2024?

Interest and Card Balances Growing Faster Than Wages and Inflation

With lower unemployment rates, workers are asking for and receiving increases in wages, reversing a trend that’s persisted over more than a decade. And, for the first time since the Great Recession, wages have been growing faster than inflation.

Annual Change in Wages, Inflation and Credit Card Balances

However, hovering over both inflation and wages are credit card balances, which have only recently begun to moderate from double-digit percentage increases over much of the past two years. As of June 2024, credit card balances were still increasing by a nearly 12% annual rate, dwarfing the increases in both wages and inflation.

Although some of that spending may be pent-up demand (vacations that were deferred during the pandemic, for instance), some increases in credit card spending could equally be due to higher costs. Price hikes for large, non-discretionary components of the consumer basket of goods, such as rent and auto insurance, have left less cash available for consumer discretionary spending—so out comes the plastic.

Younger Workers Getting More, Spending (Somewhat) Less

According to Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta data, younger and lower-paid workers may be benefiting the most from recent wage gains. Workers ages 16 to 24 have been earning wage increases of more than 10% annually for much of the past two years, and still earned 9% more in 2024. Meanwhile, prices have only increased 3% over the past year (through June 2024).

Older workers over the same period also earned more than inflation over the same period, but only around about half the increase of younger workers.

Annual Wage Growth by Age Group

Although not all younger workers are lower-paid, many are. And while on an individual level they may not feel their earnings power growing, the way these consumers are collectively spending suggests that those earnings gains are being spent. Compared to other generations, however, young consumers appear to be showing some restraint—when you compare their balances to their credit limits, at least. Meanwhile, their FICO Scores remain relatively constant.

Data: Experian, June 2024

Among the generations, Generation Z adults, ages 18 to 27 in 2024, were the only generation to not grow their average balance more than their credit limits. In other words, while all other generations are using more of their credit and growing their credit utilization, Generation Z are using less of their credit than they were a year ago, in percentage terms.

Nonetheless, even though Generation Z is receiving a greater percentage of credit than they’re currently using, they still have far lower credit limits. The average credit limit for Gen Z consumers was $13,900 in Q2 2024, less than half of the $29,200 average credit limit of millennials. These lower limits also mean potentially less room for error: A $3,000 doom spending spree or car repair may cost the same in dollar terms for every consumer, but impacts those with lower credit limits more.

Slowly but Surely, Gen Z is Gaining Experience With Credit

As Gen Z ages, these consumers have been increasingly taking on more types of debt besides revolving credit card debt. The percentage of Gen Zers with personal loans, auto loans and even mortgages has grown substantially in 2024.

Percentage of Consumers With Each Debt Type by Year

In other words, while younger workers may be receiving larger raises, there is likely new borrowing that will quickly absorb that extra income, if not in mortgages (or rent for that matter) but also other bigger-ticket items like auto loans, which, depending on where in the country you are, can be more difficult to avoid as adult responsibilities increase.